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Women's Suicide Prevention Hub - eating disorders

Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions and have the highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses. It is important to remember that they are not all about food, but also about feelings. There are several eating disorders, and some of their key symptoms have been explained below.

A young woman visits a GP

Anorexia Nervosa 
Trying to keep body weight as low as possible with a distorted image of the body and a fear of gaining weight. People do this by not eating enough food, over exercising, taking laxatives or making themselves sick.

Bulimia Nervosa 
When people binge eat, which feels out of control, and then purge their food by vomiting, using laxatives, diuretics, fasting or doing excessive exercise.

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) 
Regularly eating a lot of food over a short period of time, or eating with a feeling of being out of control until they’re uncomfortably full.

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) 
People with ARFID avoid certain foods or types of food, or restrict their intake in terms of overall amount eaten, or both. It is not related to worries about weight, and may be driven by sensory-based avoidance, low interest in food, a distressing experience with food, or a combination of these.

Orthorexia
This is not an official diagnosis, but is sometimes used to describe unhealthy obsessions with healthy eating where people implement restrictive rules around food alongside negative thoughts and feelings of guilt around certain foods.

Other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)
Used to describe a variety of disordered eating behaviours (maladaptive thoughts and behaviours related to food, eating and body image) that do not meet all the diagnostic criteria for a specific eating disorder, like anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Pica
A disorder in which people eat non-food items with no nutritional value. Dirt, paper, clay, and flaking paint are the most common non-foods eaten.

Rumination Disorder
This involves people bringing up food that may be partially digested into their mouth, which they may re-chew and re-swallow, or they may spit it out.

Andrew Radford, Chief Executive of Beat

“Eating disorders can be devastating mental illnesses, and unfortunately, they can sometimes lead to those affected taking their own lives. Every life lost is a tragedy, but organisations like Grassroots can provide crucial life-saving support for people experiencing suicidal thoughts or for those who are concerned about someone.

We’d urge anyone affected to reach out: either to Beat for eating disorder support, or to organisations like Grassroots Suicide Prevention for where to find help with suicidal thoughts. Being diagnosed with an eating disorder can feel overwhelming, but we know that making a full recovery is possible. Every day we hear from those who have gone on to live full and happy lives, free of their eating disorder – and organisations like Beat and Grassroots Suicide Prevention are here to help you get there too.”

Are you struggling?

It is estimated that that over 630,000 women in the UK have an eating disorder and it is possible that this figure is higher because of people not recognising the signs or the stigma associated with an eating disorder, so you are not alone. A full recovery is possible with the right support. We don’t know all the causes of eating disorders, and it is likely to be a combination of different factors that may be environmental, genetic or biological. It is important to understand they are not all about food, but complex issues that involve thoughts, feelings and behaviours too.

There is no shame in having an eating disorder; if food and body image problems are affecting your life and becoming an obsession, it is hard but important to recognise that eating disorders are a treatable mental illness and you do need support.

Find someone you trust to help you find the right help. It can be very difficult for people with eating disorders to get better on their own, so it’s important that you find professional help and support as soon as possible. The sooner someone is treated for an eating disorder, the better their chance of making a full recovery.

This might involve strategies like finding a support group, working out what your triggers are. Without help, you could reach a crisis and be under very serious physical and mental stress.

Stay Alive app

Download our NHS recommended app if you are struggling with suicidal thoughts or concerned about someone. There are over 800 resources to help you stay safe for now. 

Samaritans

Contact the Samaritans if you feel you are in a crisis.

Contact your GP

NAPAC offer free, confidential support.

Beat Eating Disorders

The UK’s eating disorder charity. Founded in 1989 as the Eating Disorders Association, our mission is to end the pain and suffering caused by eating disorders.

Information and advice on eating disorders:

A Beat leaflet that can help you and those supporting you to prepare for your GP appointment: 

Are you supporting someone?

Research shows that nearly 400 people with an eating disorder died by suicide during 1997 – 2021, which was also an increase in the previous rate (Hercus et al. 2024). Suicides where people had a primary diagnosis of an eating disorder often had secondary diagnoses such as self-harm and mental health issues such as depression. Adding to the complexity, one in three patients with eating disorders who died by suicide had a history of childhood abuse and one in five had a history of domestic abuse.

Eating disorders are a mental illness, and for some people a part of this may be that they seek control of food to cope with difficult feelings and other situations. With treatment, recovery is possible. These are suggestions on how to support them:

  • Give your time to listen to them
  • Assure the person that you are there for them
  • Tell them you care; they are not alone and that you want to help
  • Do not blame the person or get angry with them
  • Focus on their feelings
  • Avoid talking about food, weight or appearance
  • Try not to make mealtimes a battle ground
  • Do not force the person to eat
  • Keep trying to include them – it will make them feel valued as a person
  • Try to build up their self-esteem – give positive reinforcement
  • Encourage them to seek help

Beat Eating Disorders

Information on supporting someone with an eating disorder.

Support and training programmes for people supporting those with an eating disorder.

Beat Eating Disorders - service directory

Online directory of services, including a range of support and training programmes for people supporting those with an eating disorder.

NHS services

NHS directory for eating disorder services near you. Browse or search by location or postcode.

For employers

Advice on dealing with eating disorders in the workplace, support and what you can do for your staff.

National guidance

NICE clinical guidelines on eating disorders (UK).

SIGN clinical guidelines on eating disorders (Scotland).

Some of the signs of an eating disorder

  • Spending a lot of time thinking about food
  • Feeling shame, anxiety and/or guilt about eating
  • Secretive eating
  • Feeling out of control around food
  • Being self-critical about body image
  • Avoiding or restricting food, including events where it may be present
  • Pretending to have eaten
  • Taking a long time over mealtimes
  • Engaging in compensatory behaviours after eating
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Hoarding food
  • Low confidence and self-esteem
  • Finding it difficult to recognise when you are hungry
  • Feeling depressed and irritable
  • Having suicidal thoughts

Real stories

Kerry Washington, actress

Kerry shared that her relationship with food and her body had become a toxic cycle of self-abuse where she engaged in starvation, binge eating, body obsession and compulsive exercise.

She said she wanted to destroy herself and suffered from suicidal thoughts: “It scared me that I could not want to be here because I was in so much pain. Keeping my behaviour a secret was painful and isolating and there was a lot of guilt and shame.” Kerry used therapy to start the long process of loving herself and learning how to express herself rather than stuffing down her feelings with food. 

Stories of hope - Emily

“For me, anorexia had become a way to shut down from trauma and block out unbearable emotional and mental pain and numbness. I was seeking detachment from my own mind.

Blocking out these feelings with anorexia allowed the pain and darkness to creep in more. I was isolated, trapped and physically weak and broken. Mentally, I saw no way out. Anorexia convinced me I didn’t deserve to be in this world, just like the voices of my traumas. It felt like a slow suicide – but starving, restricting food and becoming too weak to function was the only way I felt safe.

My turning point was being given hope and the opportunity to remove my mask of ‘I’m fine’ and allowing supportive people from Beat and Samaritans to help me find the right treatment. Talking about my thoughts and feelings helped me realise that I was still loved, still worthy and still enough. I realised I wasn’t defined by the voices of anorexia and trauma, that I could offer something to this world and become my own loving best friend. I realised that anorexia was lying to me, and I didn’t have to be ashamed of my story. I can inspire others and be someone else’s survival guide.

Eating disorders may feel like a comfort or a best friend, but they aren’t. You don’t deserve punishment or pain. You offer something beautiful to this world and, despite the darkness, the light will shine again. I am nearly two years past my last suicide attempt and seven years out of inpatient treatment for anorexia. There is hope, even if others give up on you, you should bever give up on yourself.

I have learnt that anorexia never has, and never will, define me. It was never my comfort or release or best friend. Being brave enough to face it head-on and keep living was the scariest, hardest and most courageous decision I ever made.

I am so proud of myself. Life now has its challenges, but it is beautiful. I’m living without anorexia’s grip on me. The best step I ever took was to fight it and keep living, because life does get better with the right understanding, compassion, help and support.

There’s a song from a musical that sums it up for me: ‘Even when the dark comes crashing through, when you need a friend to carry you, when you’re broken on the ground: you will be found. So let the sun come streaming in, ’cause you’ll reach up and you’ll rise again, if you only look around: you will be found’.

The bravest thing I ever did was continue to live when I wanted to die.”

Hidden secrets: Eating disorders

Rayo Cole talks about living with anorexia, bulimia, purging and how she manages life on a day-to-day basis. She shares her experience of having an eating disorder in an ethnic group where eating disorders are taboo and talking about such issues is shameful. 

Watch her inspiring story on Youtube.

Find advice and sources of support for other aspects of women’s mental health

Learn more about how to have a conversation with someone at risk of suicide.

Did you know 1 in 5 people will have suicidal thoughts at some point in their lives?

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